It is useful to note how directly a depicted person gazes out of the frame. A number of authors have explored this issue in relation to advertising in particular.
In study of women magazine adverts, Trevor Millum distinguished these forms of attention:
attention directed towards other people
attention directed to an object
attention directed to oneself
attention directed to reader/ camera
attention directed into middle distance, as in a state of reverie
direction or object of attention not discernable (cant make it out).
Relationships between those depicted:
reciprocal attention- directed at each other
divergent attention- directed at different things
object-oriented attention- both looking at the same thing
semi-reciprocal attention- attention of one person is on the other, whose attention is elsewhere.
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